近日,美国媒体宣布民主党总统候选人拜登胜选,但握有政权交接资源的总务署长墨菲(Emily Murphy)仍未签署文件确认拜登当选,恐使交接过程受阻。总统当选人的确认宣告原本应该无关政治,但在现任总统特朗普拒绝坦承败选下,墨菲又迟迟未宣布拜登当选。

美国1963年制定“总统交接法”(Presidential Transition Act)后,1949年成立的联邦独立机构总务署(General Services Administration)一直是政权交接计划的重要一环。为了促进政权和平有序地转移,降低国安风险,国会也数度针对总务署的角色修法。

此后总务署多半在媒体预测赢家后数小时至一天内确认赢家,这个确认的程序,距离选举人团正式决定结果还有好几周。

在总务署长签署文件,确认总统当选人后,将正式移交给总统当选人的交接团队数百万美元、官员联系管道、各机关办公区域和设备等。这项做法形同除了媒体预测外,联邦政府也正式宣布大选赢家。

总务署是美国政府的独立机构,协助管理和支持联邦机构的基本运作。总务署提供美国政府办公室用品和联系管道,提供联邦雇员交通工具和办公室空间,并研拟政府成本最小化政策,以及其它的管理任务。

总务署旗下联邦员工约1万2000人,年度预算约209亿美元。总务署不但负责监督每年660亿美元的政府采购,也是政府机关的房东,负责管理价值约5000亿美元的政府机构不动产。

总务署管理的政府不动产,包括华府的里根大厦(Ronald Reagan Building)和国际贸易中心(International Trade Center)。国际贸易中心是规模仅次于五角大厦的联邦政府大楼。

总务署在特朗普2016年当选的数年之前,将位于华府宾夕法尼亚大道(Pennsylvania Avenue)旧邮政大楼(Old Post Office Pavilion)租给DJT Holdings LLC,打造为特朗普国际饭店(Trump International Hotel)。

特朗普当选后,这项租赁合约引发恐有利益冲突的抨击,想和特朗普政府搭上线的外国达官显要以及商界人士都是这间饭店常客。

总务署是行政单位,现任总务署长墨菲由川普在2017年9月任命,当年12月参议院一致通过这项人事案。总统当选人的确认宣告原本应该无关政治,但在特朗普拒绝坦承败选下,墨菲迟迟未宣布拜登当选,让这个过去默默无闻的政府单位,顿时成为外界注目的焦点。

由于联邦法规未规定墨菲应该如何做出决定,他或许会等到12月14日选举人团投完票后行动,也就是依照柯林顿政府2000年采取的时间顺序。当年,总务署在最高法院12月12日做出裁定,否决在佛州重新计票要求,让小布什当选总统后,才正式确认总统当选人。

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《拜登胜选未获总务署官方认证交接当选政权过程恐受阻》有146条评论
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