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从反种族歧视演变成反殖民制度（三）

By新闻娱乐24

6 月 10, 2020

来源：欧洲新闻

46岁非裔男子乔治·弗洛伊德被白人警察用膝盖压住颈部后身亡。世界各地都在举行反种族歧视示威活动，因此许多激进主义者要求各国直面过去和现在的问题。

质疑欧洲国家殖民历史的声音越来越大，引发了关于种族主义者纪念碑的全国性辩论。在比利时，利奥波德二世国王雕像被抗议者泼红漆，盖布袋以及以他命名的街道和广场，也成为人们关注的焦点。

比利时国王利奥波德二世（Leopold II）从1865年至1909年，是该国历史上统治时间最长的君主，他因对刚果自由国的个人统治而臭名昭著，据估计，刚果人实行暴力和剥削制度，数百万刚果人因此丧生，他为自己的个人利益谋取国家财富。1885年，利奥波德二世建立了刚果自由国，即今天的刚果民主共和国，直接控制了该地区。他使用残酷强迫劳动系统来提取财富，大部分是橡胶和象牙。刚果改革协会说，学术研究发现他的统治及其直接后果导致多达1000万人死亡。他的部队以严厉的惩罚而著称，例如因他们认为犯罪的任何事情都被剁手。根特大学的历史学家吉利安·马西斯（Gillian Mathys）说：“安装在刚果自由邦的系统就是针对剥削的系统。”“不仅在利奥波德二世而且在自由刚果民主共和国期间聚集了许多企业的大部分资金在公共领域仍然可见。”Mathys指出了奥斯坦德（Ostend）和布鲁塞尔（Brussels）等城市的例子，其中许多建筑是由利奥波德二世委托并付款的。他的许多建筑项目由他从刚果获得的财富资助，为他赢得了“建筑王”的称号。他从未访问过刚果，而是从比利时统治刚果，直到他在改革家的压力下将其出售给比利时。从那时起，它就是比利时国家的殖民地，即比利时刚果。作为现任时间最长的君主，并以他的“建筑王”绰号在比利时竖立了许多雕像纪念他。改变叙事“如果我们看一下档案，对比利时殖民历史的历史分析，很明显我们可以看到一个转变。首先，他被视为英雄，然后批评越来越多。由利奥波德二世（Leopold II）掌管的刚果自由国和由比利时掌控的比利时刚果之间有着非常明显的分歧。”

比利时－荷兰组织Black Speaks Back的联合创始人Amponsah。Amponsah断言，这种“明确的分歧”是有问题的，因为这使比利时刚果比刚果自由州“更好”的观点合法化。她说：“由于这个主意，没有太多的空间可以完全谴责殖民主义。”在乔治·弗洛伊德（George Floyd）抗议活动中，比利时请愿书删除殖民国王的雕像的步伐加快，数千人聚集在布鲁塞尔进行反种族主义抗议。Mathys同意“刚果自由国的大部分暴力事件蔓延到比利时殖民刚果时期。”Amponsah认为，人们之所以正在努力清除利奥波德二世的雕像，不仅是因为他自己的行为，而且还因为他是“殖民历史的象征”。她说：“这些雕像非常清楚地代表了比利时的历史。” “他们代表应该被视为英雄的人，负责过去的集体记忆。这就是我们谈论他的雕像的原因。”“他那个时代的真正梦想家”并非所有比利时人都同意拆除雕像。由于本周末在英国爱德华·科尔斯顿的雕像被毁，显然，重新评估其他前殖民主义国家内的过去的运动正开始集结力量。吉莉安·马西斯（Gillian Mathys）辩称，重要的是不要将利奥波德二世在刚果的政权视为例外。“英国人似乎认为他们的殖民主义在某种程度上更仁慈，我不认为那是真的。所有殖民帝国本质上都是暴力的，旨在剥削。重要的是不要例外化利奥波德二世政权。暴力和剥削是各地殖民制度的基本特征。”

特别提示：明天播出非裔男子乔治·弗洛伊德被捕前的视频（疑似从口袋掉出两包白粉）和部分犯罪记录。请继续关注http://www.shanghai24.de

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《从反种族歧视演变成反殖民制度（三）》有71条评论

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